Monday, June 26, 2017

英语常用不规则动词大全,都帮你整理好了,快来收了吧!

英语中有许多不规则动词,它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式,你知道的这些不规则动词有哪些呢?看看下面的不规则动词变化大全,查漏补缺吧!

★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:

一、AAA型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)

costcostcost
cutcutcut
hithithit hurthurthurt
letlet— let
putputput
readreadread
setsetset
shutshutshut

二、ABB型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)

1过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个)

bringbroughtbrought
buy— boughtbought
thinkthoughtthought

词尾有-ild-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)

buildbuiltbuilt
lendlent— lent
sendsentsent
spendspent— spent

3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)

catchcaughtcaught
teachtaughttaught

4-eep变为-ept。(3个)

keepkeptkept
sleepsleptslept
sweep— sweptswept

5-ell变为-old。(2个)

telltoldtold
sellsoldsold

6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt-ilt。(4个)

smellsmeltsmelt
spellspeltspelt
feelfelt— felt
spillspiltspilt

7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)

learnlearntlearnt
meanmeantmeant
spoilspoiltspoilt

8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)

saysaidsaid
paypaidpaid
laylaidlaid
hearheardheard

9改变元音字母。(11个)

meetmetmet
getgotgot
sitsatsat
find— foundfound
holdheldheld
spitspatspat
shine— shoneshone
winwonwon
hanghunghung
dig— dugdug
loselostlost

10改变辅音字母。(1个)

makemademade

11改变元、辅音字母。(4个)

leaveleftleft
standstoodstood
havehas)— hadhad
understandunderstoodunderstood

三、ABC型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)

1 iau变化。(6个)

beginbeganbegun
drinkdrankdrunk
sing— sangsung
ringrangrung
swimswamswum
sink— sanksunk

词尾为-ow-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)

blowblewblown
drawdrewdrawn
grow— grewgrown
knowknewknown
throwthrewthrownshow除外)

词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为dt,须双写dt后加n。(4个)(givehide除外)

drivedrovedriven
writewrotewritten
ride— roderidden
riseroserisen

过去分词在过去式后加(en。(5个)

breakbrokebroken
choosechosechosen
freezefrozefrozen
speakspokespoken
wakewoke— woken

过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)

forgetforgotforgotten

过去分词由原形加(en构成。(6个)

bewaswere)—been
eatateeaten
fallfellfallen
givegavegiven
seesawseen
hidehidhiddenhid

词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)

taketooktaken
mistakemistookmistaken

原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)

dodiddone
flyflewflown
gowentgone
lielaylain
showshowedshown
wearworeworn

四、AAB型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)

beatbeatbeaten

五、ABA型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)

comecamecome
becomebecamebecome
run— ranrun

六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)

cancould
maymight
willwould
shallshould

★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。

一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:

costcuthithurtletputreadshut
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)

二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:

beatbeatbeaten

三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:

comecamecome    becomebecamebecome  runranrun
comebecome,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomedwelcomed

四、 过去式,过去分词相同:

(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e

meetmetmet       feedfedfed

(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t

feelfeltfelt        sleepsleptslept
keepkeptkept      sweepsweptswept

(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个lt

spellspeltspelt     smellsmeltsmelt  spillspiltspilt

(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught ought结尾

catchcaughtcaught        teachtaughttaught  bringbroughtbrought    
buyboughtbought     thinkthoughtthought

(5) stand改为stood

standstoodstood      understandunderstoodunderstood

(6) ay改为aid

laylaidlaid       paypaidpaid  saysaidsaid

(7) d改为t

lendlentlent             sendsentsent
spendspentspent       buildbuiltbuilt

(8) i改为a , o, u

sitsatsat            spitspatspat  
digdugdug    winwonwon

(9) ell改为old

telltoldtold          sellsoldsold

(10) 词尾加t

learnlearntlearnt      meanmeantmeant
dreamdreamtdreamt   spoilspoiltspoilt

(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词一种是不规则的一种是规则的:

learnlearntlearnt      learnlearnedlearned
shineshoneshone     shineshinedshined
hanghunghung        hanghangedhanged
smellsmeltsmelt      smellsmelledsmelled
burn/burnt/burnt       burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit            light/lighted/lighted

(12) 其它

havehas)/hadhad    hearheardheard
shootshotshot         loselostlost
holdheldheld          getgotgotAmE gotten
findfoundfound        makemademade
leaveleftleft

五、三者均不同:

(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾

blowblewblown          flyflewflown
growgrewgrown          knowknewknown
throwthrewthrown
值得注意的是:
showshowedshownshowed       drawdrewdrawn

(2)ia变成过去式、改iu变成过去分词

beginbeganbegun        drinkdrankdrunk
ringrangrung              singsangsung
swimswamswum         sinksanksunk

(3)io变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾

drivedrovedriven         writewrotewritten
riseroserisen              rideroderidden

(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词

drivedrovedriven         riseroserisen   eatateeaten      
givegavegiven       fallfellfallen

(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词

breakbrokebroken      choosechosechosen
freezefrozefrozen      mistakemistookmistaken
stealstolestolen        speakspokespoken  
taketooktaken         wakewokewoken(或woke

(6)其它

bewaswerebeen       dodiddone        forgetforgotforgotten    
gowentgone            hidehidhidden            seesawseen  
wearworeworn

六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。

wakewokewoken (或woke) wakewakedwaked
sinksanksunk                 sinksunksunken

七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:

shinehang的两种过去式和过去分词:
shoneshone照耀     shinedshined擦亮
hunghung悬挂      hangedhanged绞死

八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词

lie躺卧laylainlying(现在分词)
lay放,下蛋laidlaidlaying
find 找到、发现findfoundfound        
found 创建,成立 foundfoundedfounded

九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆

(一)词义相对:
(1) comecamecome来—— gowentgone
(2) givegavegiven给——getgotgotAmE gotten)获得
(3) sleepsleptslept睡觉—wakewokewoken (或woke
wakewakedwaked 醒来
(4) riseroserisen上升、上涨、升起——fallfellfallen下降、落下、倒下
sinksanksunk    sinksunksunken 沉下, (使)下沉
(5) buyboughtbought买—— sellsoldsold出售
(6) taketooktaken带去——bringbroughtbrought 带来
(7) teachtaughttaught教——learnlearntlearnt
learnlearnedlearned学习、学会
(8) loselostlost丢失、失败——findfoundfound找到
winwonwon赢得、(获)胜
(9) standstoodstood站、立——sitsatsat
(10) sendsentsent 送、寄、发送——getgotgot获得、收到

(二)词义相近:

(1) beatbeatbeaten 打败   winwonwon赢得、获胜
(2) understandunderstoodunderstood 了解
knowknewknown 知道了解认识
(3) getgotgotAmE gotten)变成、成为、变得
becomebecamebecome 变成成为变得
gowentgone变成turnturnedturned变成
(4) spendspentspent 花费、度过
paypaidpaid 支付、交纳
costcostcost花费、价值为
taketooktaken花费
(5) saysaidsaid说、讲
speakspokespoken说、演讲
telltoldtold 告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talktalkedtalked谈话谈论议论

★记忆法三:

1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。

letlet, putput, hithit, mustmust, setset, beatbeat, castcast, costcost, cutcut, hurthurt, readred, shutshut
(shedshed splitsplit spreadspread burstburst)

2.元音字母的变化。
ia: beginbegan, drinkdrank, ringrang, singsang, swimswam, givegave, sitsat, sinksank  
io: drivedrove, riderode, shineshone, writewrote, riserose, winwon,
(strivestrove arisearose)
iou: findfound (windwound, bindbound, grindground)
aoo: taketook, shakeshook
eo: getgot, forgetforgot
oa: comecame, becomebecame
ooo: shootshot, choosechose

3.元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/yew:drawdrew, blowblew, growgrew, knowknew, throwthrew, flyflew

4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。

(1) sellsold, telltold, retellretold
(2) saysaid, paypaid, laylaid, relayrelaid
(3) sweepswept, keepkept, sleepslept, creepcrept
(4) bringbrought, buybought, thinkthought, fightfought
(5) catchcaught, teachtaught
(6) cancould, willwould, shallshould

5.辅音字母变化。

(1)buildbuilt, sendsent, bendbent, lendlent, rendrent, spendspent
(2)makemade, havehad, hearheard
(3)meanmeant, learnlearnt

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